UPSC Prelims 2022 Q77: Science & Technology – Defence Technology
Which one of the following statements best describes the ‘Polar Code’?
- (a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.
- (b) It is the agreement of the countries around the North Pole regarding the demarcation of their territories in the polar region.
- (c) It is a set of norms to be followed by the countries whose scientists undertake research studies in the North Pole and South Pole.
- (d) It is a trade and security agreement of the member countries of the Arctic Council.
Answer: (a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.
Explanation
The Polar Code
The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
It came into force on 1 January 2017.
| Part | Covers | Parent convention |
|---|---|---|
| Safety | Ship design, ice strengthening, equipment, crew training, voyage planning | SOLAS |
| Environment | Bans on discharge of oil, noxious substances, sewage and garbage | MARPOL |
It applies in both Arctic and Antarctic waters.
| Other option | Why wrong |
|---|---|
| Territorial demarcation | Polar territorial claims fall under UNCLOS and the Antarctic Treaty, not the Polar Code |
| Research norms | Antarctic research follows the Antarctic Treaty System |
| Arctic Council pact | The Arctic Council is a forum; it has no trade or security treaty |
Answer: (a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) CORRECT. The IMO Polar Code (2017) sets safety and pollution rules for ships in polar waters.
- (b) Incorrect. The Polar Code does not demarcate territory; it regulates shipping.
- (c) Incorrect. It covers ship operations, not norms for scientific research.
- (d) Incorrect. The Arctic Council excludes military security and has no trade agreement.
Key point
Polar Code = IMO's mandatory safety and environment code for ships in Arctic and Antarctic waters, in force since 1 January 2017 (via SOLAS and MARPOL).
Remember
Polar Code = IMO ship safety in polar waters (2017).
Common mistakes
- Linking 'Polar' to territorial claims in the Arctic.
- Thinking it was framed by the Arctic Council rather than the IMO.
- Forgetting it covers both polar regions, not just the Arctic.
Exam tip
'Code' in maritime context usually means an IMO rulebook (Polar Code, ISPS Code, IMDG Code).
Sources
- International Maritime Organization — International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters
- Ministry of Earth Sciences — India's Arctic Policy (2022)