UPSC Prelims 2019 Q6: Modern History – Peasant, Tribal & Labour Movements
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 1 and 2 only
- (c) 2 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Social & Peasant Movements: Leader-Organization Pairs
| Movement / Organization | Leader | Verdict |
|---|---|---|
| 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League (1932, later Harijan Sevak Sangh) | Mahatma Gandhi | CORRECT - Founded by Gandhi after the Poona Pact (Sept 1932) to fight untouchability. |
| 2. All India Kisan Sabha (1936, Lucknow) | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati | CORRECT - Sahajanand was the founding President; N.G. Ranga was General Secretary. |
| 3. Self-Respect Movement (1925, Tamil Nadu) | E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar) | CORRECT - Anti-caste, anti-Brahminical movement launched by Periyar. |
All three pairs are correctly matched. Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3.
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. Pairs 2 (Kisan Sabha - Sahajanand) and 3 (Self-Respect - Periyar) are also correctly matched.
- (b) Incorrect. Pair 3 is also correct - Periyar founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925.
- (c) Incorrect. Pair 1 (Anti-Untouchability League - Gandhi) is also correct.
- (d) CORRECT. All three pairs are correctly matched - Gandhi/Anti-Untouchability League, Sahajanand/Kisan Sabha, Periyar/Self-Respect Movement.
Key point
Three social movements: (1) Anti-Untouchability League -> Gandhi (1932). (2) All India Kisan Sabha -> Sahajanand Saraswati (1936). (3) Self-Respect Movement -> Periyar (1925). All correct.
Remember
All three pairs are correctly matched: Mahatma Gandhi led the All India Anti-Untouchability League (1932), Swami Sahajanand Saraswati founded the All India Kisan Sabha (1936), and E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar) launched the Self-Respect Movement (1925).
Common mistakes
- Confusing Kisan Sabha founding (Sahajanand) with UP Kisan Sabha (Baba Ramchandra, Madan Mohan Malaviya).
- Assuming Self-Respect Movement was led by Ambedkar - it was Periyar's Tamil Nadu movement.
- Missing that Harijan Sevak Sangh was the renamed continuation of the Anti-Untouchability League.
Exam tip
Peasant/Social movement quick-fire: Kisan Sabha (1936) = Sahajanand. Self-Respect (1925) = Periyar. Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932) = Gandhi. Champaran (1917) = Gandhi. Bardoli (1928) = Vallabhbhai Patel.
Sources
- NCERT Class 12 - Themes in Indian History Part III
- Bipan Chandra - India's Struggle for Independence (Peasant and social reform movements)