UPSC Prelims 2017 Q22: Science & Technology – Energy & Environment
It is possible to produce algae - based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of
developing countries in promoting this industry?
1. Production of algae - based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.
2. Setting up and engineering the algae - based biofuel production requires high level of
expertise/technology until the construction is completed.
3. Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large - scale facilities which may
raise ecological and social concerns.
Select the correct answer
using the code given below:
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Limits on algae-based biofuels in developing countries
| Statement | Verdict | Why |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Algae biofuels can be produced only in seas | Incorrect | Algae grow in open ponds and photobioreactors on land, using fresh, saline or waste water |
| 2. Setting up needs high expertise and technology | Correct | Cultivation, harvesting and oil extraction need advanced engineering |
| 3. Viable production needs large facilities that may raise concerns | Correct | Large plants need land, water and nutrients, raising ecological and social issues |
Why algae are attractive:
| Advantage | Detail |
|---|---|
| High yield | Far more oil per hectare than food crops |
| Non-food | No competition with food crops |
| CO₂ use | Can absorb CO₂ from power plants |
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. Statement 1 is false; algae are grown on land in ponds and photobioreactors.
- (b) CORRECT. High technology needs and large-scale facilities are the real limits.
- (c) Incorrect. Statement 2 is also true; the industry needs advanced expertise.
- (d) Incorrect. The claim that algae grow only in seas is false.
Key point
Algae biofuels: grown on land in ponds and photobioreactors; limits are high technology needs and large-scale facilities.
Remember
Algae fuel limits: technology and scale, not location.
Common mistakes
- Assuming algae can grow only in the sea.
- Ignoring the ecological footprint of large algae farms.
- Thinking algae fuel is low-tech because algae grow naturally.
Exam tip
'Only' in statement 1 is the giveaway. Algae grow almost anywhere with water and light.
Sources
- Ministry of New and Renewable Energy — National Policy on Biofuels (2018)
- Department of Biotechnology — Algal biofuel programme