UPSC Prelims 2017 Q12: Environment & Ecology – International Environmental Treaties & Summits
With reference to Manipuri Sankirtana, consider the following statements:
1. It is a song and dance performance.
2. Cymbals are the only musical instruments used in the performance.
3. It is performed to narrate the life and deeds of Lord Krishna.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1, 2 and 3
- (b) 1 and 3 only
- (c) 2 and 3 only
- (d) 1 only
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Manipuri Sankirtana
Inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2013.
| Statement | Verdict | Fact |
|---|---|---|
| 1. It is a song and dance performance | Correct | It combines ritual singing, drumming and dance |
| 2. Cymbals are the only instruments used | Incorrect | It uses cymbals (kartal) and the pung (drum) |
| 3. It narrates the life and deeds of Krishna | Correct | It celebrates Lord Krishna's life and deeds, in the Vaishnava tradition |
Key features:
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Where | Temples and homes in Manipur |
| When | Religious festivals and life-cycle rites |
| Performers | Singers and drummers, moving in a circle |
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. Statement 2 is false; the pung (drum) is used along with cymbals.
- (b) CORRECT. Sankirtana is song and dance narrating Krishna's life and deeds.
- (c) Incorrect. Statement 2 fails because drums are also played.
- (d) Incorrect. Statement 3 is also true; it narrates the life of Lord Krishna.
Key point
Manipuri Sankirtana (UNESCO ICH, 2013): Vaishnava song, drumming (pung) and dance narrating Krishna's life.
Remember
Sankirtana: cymbals + pung drum + Krishna's story.
Common mistakes
- Accepting 'only' in statement 2; the pung drum is central to the performance.
- Confusing Sankirtana with Manipuri classical dance (Raas Leela).
- Forgetting its UNESCO inscription year (2013).
Exam tip
'Only' in a statement usually signals a false claim.
Sources
- UNESCO — Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur (2013)
- Ministry of Culture — Intangible Cultural Heritage of India