UPSC Prelims 2015 Q23: Science & Technology – Health & Diseases
With reference to the use of nanotechnology in health sector, which of the following
statements is/are correct?
1. Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology.
2. Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy.
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Nanotechnology in the health sector
Nanotechnology works with particles of 1 to 100 nanometres.
| Statement | Verdict | Fact |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology | Correct | Nanoparticles carry a drug straight to diseased cells, such as tumours |
| 2. Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy | Correct | Nanoparticles act as non-viral carriers (vectors) of genes into cells |
Uses in health:
| Use | Example |
|---|---|
| Drug delivery | Liposomes carrying cancer drugs |
| Diagnosis | Quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for imaging |
| Vaccines | Lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines |
| Wound care | Silver nanoparticles as antibacterials |
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. Statement 2 is also true: nanoparticles help in gene therapy.
- (b) Incorrect. Statement 1 is also true: targeted drug delivery is a leading use.
- (c) CORRECT. Nanotechnology enables targeted drug delivery and supports gene therapy.
- (d) Incorrect. Both statements on the use of nanotechnology in health are true.
Key point
Nanotechnology in health: targeted drug delivery, gene therapy carriers, imaging with quantum dots, lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines.
Remember
Nanotechnology = targeted drugs + gene delivery.
Common mistakes
- Thinking gene therapy needs only viruses as carriers.
- Forgetting the size range: 1 to 100 nanometres.
- Ignoring possible toxicity of nanoparticles, a real concern.
Exam tip
'Can contribute to' or 'is made possible by' a new technology: usually true.
Sources
- Department of Science and Technology — Nano Mission
- NCERT Class XII — Chemistry (Surface Chemistry: colloids and nanomaterials)