UPSC Prelims 2014 Q59: Indian Polity – Constitutional Framework & Development
Consider the following statements: A Constitutional Government is one which
1. Places effective restrictions on individual liberty in the interest of State Authority
2. Places effective restrictions on the Authority of the State in the interest of individual liberty
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation
Constitutional Government
A constitutional government is a limited government.
The constitution puts limits on the State so that the liberty of the individual is safe.
| Statement | Verdict | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Places effective restrictions on individual liberty in the interest of State Authority | Incorrect | That describes an authoritarian state |
| 2. Places effective restrictions on the Authority of the State in the interest of individual liberty | Correct | This is constitutionalism |
How India limits the State:
| Device | Example |
|---|---|
| Fundamental Rights | Article 13 makes laws against them void |
| Separation of powers | Legislature, executive, judiciary |
| Judicial review | Courts strike down unconstitutional acts |
| Federalism | Power divided between the Union and the States |
Answer: (b) 2 only.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. Restricting individual liberty for State Authority is the opposite of constitutionalism.
- (b) CORRECT. A constitutional government restricts the Authority of the State to protect liberty.
- (c) Incorrect. Statement 1 is false.
- (d) Incorrect. Statement 2 is the very meaning of constitutional government.
Key point
Constitutionalism = limited government: the constitution restricts State authority to protect individual liberty.
Remember
Constitutional government = limited government.
Common mistakes
- Thinking a constitution exists to make the State stronger against citizens.
- Confusing a country having a constitution with constitutional government.
- Forgetting that rights can have reasonable restrictions without ending constitutionalism.
Exam tip
Constitution = chain on the State, not on the citizen.
Sources
- NCERT Class XI — Indian Constitution at Work, Ch 1 (Constitution: Why and How?)
- D.D. Basu — Introduction to the Constitution of India (Outstanding Features)