UPSC Prelims 2013 Q24: Geography – Physical Geography & Geomorphology
Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in
- (a) desert margins, liable to strong wind action
- (b) low flat plains, close to stream courses, liable to flooding
- (c) scrublands, liable to spread of weed growth
- (d) None of the above
Answer: (d) None of the above
Explanation
Contour bunding
Contour bunding means building small earth banks (bunds) along the contour lines of a slope.
It is used on sloping land with moderate or low rainfall, to stop water erosion.
| How it works | Result |
|---|---|
| Bunds break the flow of run-off | Water slows down |
| Water soaks into the soil | Moisture is saved |
| Soil settles behind the bund | Erosion is checked |
Why none of the options fits:
| Option | Correct method there |
|---|---|
| (a) Desert margins with strong wind | Shelter belts and windbreaks |
| (b) Low flat plains liable to flooding | Embankments and drainage |
| (c) Scrublands with weed growth | Weed control |
Other methods on slopes: contour ploughing, terracing, strip cropping.
Answer: (d) None of the above.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. On desert margins, shelter belts are used against wind.
- (b) Incorrect. Low flat plains have no contours to bund; flooding needs embankments.
- (c) Incorrect. Scrublands with weeds need weed control, not bunds.
- (d) CORRECT. Contour bunding is for sloping land, which none of the options describes.
Key point
Contour bunding: earth banks along contours on slopes to check water erosion and hold moisture. Shelter belts for wind; terraces for steep slopes.
Remember
Contour bunding = slopes, against water erosion.
Common mistakes
- Forgetting that 'contour' implies a slope.
- Confusing wind erosion methods with water erosion methods.
- Avoiding 'None of the above' out of habit.
Exam tip
Contour = slope. If no option mentions a slope, choose 'None'.
Sources
- NCERT Class XI — India: Physical Environment, Ch 6 (Soils: soil conservation)
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research — Soil and water conservation measures