UPSC Prelims 2004 Q122: Modern History – Gandhian Mass Movements (1915 - 1942)
Consider the following events during India’s freedom struggle:
1. Chauri - Chaura Outrage
2. Minto - Morley Reforms
3. Dandi March
4. Montagu - Chelmsford Reforms
Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the events above?
- (a) 1 ‑ 3 ‑ 2 ‑ 4
- (b) 2 ‑ 4 ‑ 1 ‑ 3
- (c) 1 ‑ 4 ‑ 2 ‑ 3
- (d) 2 ‑ 3 ‑ 1 ‑ 4
Answer: (b) 2 ‑ 4 ‑ 1 ‑ 3
Explanation
Chronology of events of the freedom struggle
| Event | Year |
|---|---|
| Minto-Morley Reforms | 1909 |
| Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms | 1919 |
| Chauri Chaura outrage | 1922 |
| Dandi March | 1930 |
The correct order is Minto-Morley - Montagu-Chelmsford - Chauri Chaura - Dandi March.
Answer: (b) 2 - 4 - 1 - 3.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. It places Chauri Chaura before the 1909 reforms.
- (b) CORRECT. 1909, 1919, 1922, 1930.
- (c) Incorrect. It places Chauri Chaura before the 1909 reforms.
- (d) Incorrect. It places Dandi before Chauri Chaura.
Key point
1909, 1919, 1922, 1930 — reforms, reforms, Non-Cooperation ends, Civil Disobedience begins.
Remember
Chauri Chaura (1922) came before the Dandi March (1930).
Common mistakes
- Placing Chauri Chaura before the 1919 reforms.
- Mixing Dandi (1930) with the Salt Satyagraha year 1931.
- Forgetting the 1909 date of Minto-Morley.
Exam tip
Reforms 1909 and 1919, then Chauri Chaura 1922, Dandi 1930.
Sources
- Bipan Chandra — India's Struggle for Independence
- NCERT Class XII History — Themes in Indian History Part III — Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement