UPSC Prelims 2002 Q81: Modern History – Constitutional Developments & British Plans (1909 - 1947)
With reference to the colonial period of Indian history, match List I (Person) with List II
(Event) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Person)
A. MacDonald
B. Linlithgow
C. Dalhousie
D. Chelmsford
List II (Event)
1. Doctrine of Lapse
2. Communal Award
3. August Offer
4. Dyarchy
Codes:
- (a) A - 3 B - 2 C - 1 D - 4
- (b) A - 3 B - 2 C - 4 D - 1
- (c) A - 2 B - 3 C - 1 D - 4
- (d) A - 2 B - 3 C - 4 D - 1
Answer: (c) A - 2 B - 3 C - 1 D - 4
Explanation
Matching persons of the colonial period with events
| Person | Event |
|---|---|
| A. MacDonald | 2. Communal Award (1932) |
| B. Linlithgow | 3. August Offer (1940) |
| C. Dalhousie | 1. Doctrine of Lapse |
| D. Chelmsford | 4. Dyarchy (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919) |
Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award in 1932, Viceroy Linlithgow made the August Offer in 1940, Dalhousie applied the Doctrine of Lapse, and Chelmsford is linked with dyarchy in the provinces. The code is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4.
Answer: (c) A - 2, B - 3, C - 1, D - 4.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) Incorrect. It gives the Communal Award to Linlithgow and the August Offer to MacDonald.
- (b) Incorrect. It also swaps the Doctrine of Lapse and dyarchy.
- (c) CORRECT. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 matches all four persons.
- (d) Incorrect. It swaps the Doctrine of Lapse and dyarchy.
Key point
Policies: Dalhousie - Lapse; Chelmsford - dyarchy 1919; MacDonald - Communal Award 1932; Linlithgow - August Offer 1940.
Remember
Communal Award 1932 (MacDonald); August Offer 1940 (Linlithgow).
Common mistakes
- Giving dyarchy to Dalhousie, who belongs to the 1850s.
- Mixing the Communal Award with the August Offer.
- Forgetting that Chelmsford was Viceroy in 1916-21.
Exam tip
Dalhousie-Lapse and Chelmsford-dyarchy are the surest pairs.
Sources
- Bipan Chandra — Modern India
- Spectrum — A Brief History of Modern India