CAPF AC 2022 Q18: Science & Technology – Biology
- (a) Vegetative propagation
- (b) Budding
- (c) Spore formation
- (d) Regeneration
Answer: (a) Vegetative propagation
Explanation
How Bryophyllum reproduces
How to think: the new plant grows from a leaf.
A leaf is a vegetative part of the plant, like the root and the stem.
Reproduction from a vegetative part is vegetative propagation.
| Method | What happens | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Vegetative propagation | New plant from root, stem or leaf | Bryophyllum (leaf buds), potato, rose, sugarcane |
| Budding | A small outgrowth on the parent body grows and separates | Hydra, yeast |
| Spore formation | Spores from a sporangium grow into new individuals | Rhizopus (bread mould) |
| Regeneration | A cut piece of the body grows into a whole organism | Planaria |
The trap: the question uses the word buds, but the buds are on a leaf of a plant.
That makes it vegetative propagation, not the budding of Hydra.
Answer: (a) Vegetative propagation.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) CORRECT. Growth of a new plant from leaf buds is vegetative propagation.
- (b) Incorrect. Budding is the method of Hydra and yeast, where a bud grows on the body.
- (c) Incorrect. Spore formation is seen in Rhizopus and ferns.
- (d) Incorrect. Regeneration is seen in Planaria and Hydra when the body is cut.
Key point
Asexual reproduction (NCERT Class X): fission (Amoeba), fragmentation (Spirogyra), regeneration (Planaria), budding (Hydra, yeast), vegetative propagation (Bryophyllum, potato), spore formation (Rhizopus).
Remember
Bryophyllum leaf buds = vegetative propagation.
Common mistakes
- Marking budding because the question mentions buds on the leaf.
- Mixing up regeneration (from cut pieces) with vegetative propagation.
- Thinking only stems and roots, and not leaves, can give new plants.
Exam tip
Educated guess: Bryophyllum is the standard NCERT example for vegetative propagation by leaves. Budding in NCERT is always Hydra or yeast.
Sources
- NCERT Class X Science — How do Organisms Reproduce? (vegetative propagation)
- NCERT Class VII Science — Reproduction in Plants