CAPF AC 2020 Q28: Science & Technology – Biology
After fertilization, the ovule and ovary subsequently develop to form
- (a) seed and fruit respectively
- (b) fruit and seed respectively
- (c) seed and flower respectively
- (d) degenerated ovule and seedless fruit respectively
Answer: (a) seed and fruit respectively
Explanation
After fertilisation in a flower
How to think: the question says respectively, so the order matters.
First fix what the ovule becomes, then what the ovary becomes.
The ovule sits inside the ovary, just as the seed sits inside the fruit.
| Part of the flower | After fertilisation it becomes |
|---|---|
| Zygote | Embryo |
| Ovule | Seed |
| Ovary | Fruit |
| Ovary wall | Fruit wall (pericarp) |
| Petals, sepals, stamens | Usually wither and fall off |
The options checked:
| Option | Verdict |
|---|---|
| (a) seed and fruit respectively | Correct |
| (b) fruit and seed respectively | Incorrect; the order is reversed |
| (c) seed and flower respectively | Incorrect; the ovary does not become a flower |
| (d) degenerated ovule and seedless fruit | Incorrect; that is a fruit formed without fertilisation |
Answer: (a) seed and fruit respectively.
Why each option is right or wrong
- (a) CORRECT. The ovule develops into the seed and the ovary into the fruit.
- (b) Incorrect. This reverses the order; the ovule gives the seed, not the fruit.
- (c) Incorrect. The ovary ripens into a fruit; it never forms a flower.
- (d) Incorrect. A seedless fruit forms without fertilisation, as in banana.
Key point
After fertilisation: zygote becomes embryo, ovule becomes seed, ovary becomes fruit, ovary wall becomes pericarp.
Remember
Ovule = seed; ovary = fruit.
Common mistakes
- Ignoring the word respectively and choosing the reversed order.
- Mixing up ovule and ovary because the words look alike.
- Forgetting that seedless fruits such as banana form without fertilisation.
Exam tip
Small inside big: ovule inside ovary, seed inside fruit. Match small to small and big to big.
Sources
- NCERT Class X Science — How do Organisms Reproduce? (sexual reproduction in flowering plants)
- NCERT Class XII Biology — Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants